*Smacna Manual Online
*Smacna Manual Pdf Free Download Pdf
*Free Smacna Pdf
*Smacna Sheet Metal Manual Pdf
Here you can find smacna pdf shared files. Download SMACNA HVAC AIR DUCT LEAKAGE TEST MANUAL.pdf from 4shared.com 2.4 MB, SMACNA-HVAC DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS.pdf from 4shared.com 6.62 MB, Smacna residential duct design pdf from 4shared.com (5 MB) free from TraDownload.
The vapour pressure of water is the pressure at which water vapour is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed state. At higher pressures water would condense. The water vapour pressure is the partial pressure of water vapour in any gas mixture in equilibrium with solid or liquid water. As for other substances, water vapour pressure is a function of temperature and can be determined with the Clausius–Clapeyron relation.Vapour pressure of water (0–100 °C)[1]T, °CT, °FP, kPaP, torrP, atm0320.61134.58510.00605410.87266.54500.008610501.22819.21150.012115591.705612.79310.016820682.338817.54240.023125773.169023.76950.031330864.245531.84390.041935955.626742.20370.0555401047.381455.36510.0728451139.589871.92940.09465012212.344092.58760.12185513115.7520118.14970.15556014019.9320149.50230.19676514925.0220187.68040.24697015831.1760233.83920.30777516738.5630289.24630.38068017647.3730355.32670.46758518557.8150433.64820.57069019470.1170525.92080.69209520384.5290634.01960.8342100212101.3200759.96251.0000
*1Approximation formulasApproximation formulas[edit]
There are many published approximations for calculating saturated vapour pressure over water and over ice. Some of these are (in approximate order of increasing accuracy):
*P=exp(20.386−5132T),(Eq.1){displaystyle P=exp left(20.386-{frac {5132}{T}}right), (Eq.1)}where P is the vapour pressure in mmHg and T is the temperature in kelvins.
*The Antoine equationlog10P=A−BC+T,{displaystyle log _{10}P=A-{frac {B}{C+T}},}where the temperature T is in degrees Celsius (°C) and the vapour pressure P is in mmHg. The constants are given asABCTmin, °CTmax, °C8.071311730.63233.4261998.140191810.94244.485100374
*The August-Roche-Magnus (or Magnus-Tetens or Magnus) equation, as described in Alduchov and Eskridge (1996).[2] Equation 21 in [2] provides the coefficients used here. See also discussion of Clausius-Clapeyron approximations used in meteorology and climatology.P=0.61094exp(17.625TT+243.04),{displaystyle P=0.61094exp left({frac {17.625T}{T+243.04}}right),}
where temperature T is in °C and vapour pressure P is in kilopascals (kPa)
*The Tetens equationP=0.61078exp(17.27TT+237.3),{displaystyle P=0.61078exp left({frac {17.27T}{T+237.3}}right),}
where temperature T is in °C and P is in kPa
*The Buck equation.P=0.61121exp((18.678−T234.84)(T257.14+T)),{displaystyle P=0.61121exp left(left(18.678-{frac {T}{234.84}}right)left({frac {T}{257.14+T}}right)right),}
where T is in °C and P is in kPa.
*The Goff-Gratch (1946) equation.[3]Accuracy of different formulations[edit]
Here is a comparison of the accuracies of these different explicit formulations, showing saturation vapour pressures for liquid water in kPa, calculated at six temperatures with their percentage error from the table values of Lide (2005):T (°C)P (Lide Table)P (Eq 1)P (Antoine)P (Magnus)P (Tetens)P (Buck)P (Goff-Gratch)00.61130.6593 (+7.85%)0.6056 (-0.93%)0.6109 (-0.06%)0.6108 (-0.09%)0.6112 (-0.01%)0.6089 (-0.40%)202.33882.3755 (+1.57%)2.3296 (-0.39%)2.3334 (-0.23%)2.3382 (+0.05%)2.3383 (-0.02%)2.3355 (-0.14%)355.62675.5696 (-1.01%)5.6090 (-0.31%)5.6176 (-0.16%)5.6225 (+0.04%)5.6268 (+0.00%)5.6221 (-0.08%)5012.34412.065 (-2.26%)12.306 (-0.31%)12.361 (+0.13%)12.336 (+0.08%)12.349 (+0.04%)12.338 (-0.05%)7538.56337.738 (-2.14%)38.463 (-0.26%)39.000 (+1.13%)38.646 (+0.40%)38.595 (+0.08%)38.555 (-0.02%)100101.32101.31 (-0.01%)101.34 (+0.02%)104.077 (+2.72%)102.21 (+1.10%)101.31 (-0.01%)101.32 (0.00%)
A more detailed discussion of accuracy and considerations of the inaccuracy in temperature measurements is presented in Alduchov and Eskridge (1996). The analysis here shows the simple unattributed formula and the Antoine equation are reasonably accurate at 100 °C, but quite poor for lower temperatures above freezing. Tetens is much more accurate over the range from 0 to 50 °C and very competitive at 75 °C, but Antoine's is superior at 75 °C and above. The unattributed formula must have zero error at around 26 °C, but is of very poor accuracy outside a very narrow range. Tetens' equations are generally much more accurate and arguably simpler for use at everyday temperatures (e.g., in meteorology). As expected, Buck's equation for T > 0 °C is significantly more accurate than Tetens, and its superiority increases markedly above 50 °C, though it is more complicated to use. The Buck equation is even superior to the more complex Goff-Gratch equation over the range needed for practical meteorology.Numerical approximations[edit]
For serious computation, Lowe (1977)[4] developed two pairs of equations for temperatures above and below freezing, with different levels of accuracy. They are all very accurate (compared to Clausius-Clapeyron and the Goff-Gratch) but use nested polynomials for very efficient computation. However, there are more recent reviews of possibly superior formulations, notably Wexler (1976, 1977),[5][6] reported by Flatau et al. (1992).[7]Graphical pressure dependency on temperature[edit]Vapour pressure diagrams of water; data taken from Dortmund Data Bank. Graphics shows triple point, critical point and boiling point of water.See also[edit]References[edit]
*^Lide, David R., ed. (2004). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, (85th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN978-0-8493-0485-9.
*^ abAlduchov, O.A.; Eskridge, R.E. (1996). 'Improved Magnus form approximation of saturation vapor pressure'. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 35 (4): 601–9. Bibcode:1996JApMe..35..601A. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0601:IMFAOS>2.0.CO;2.
*^Goff, J.A., and Gratch, S. 1946. Low-pressure properties of water from −160 to 212 °F. In Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 95–122, presented at the 52nd annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, New York, 1946.
*^Lowe, P.R. (1977). 'An approximating polynomial for the computation of saturation vapor pressure'. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 16 (1): 100–4. Bibcode:1977JApMe..16..100L. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1977)016<0100:AAPFTC>2.0.CO;2.
*^Wexler, A. (1976). 'Vapor pressure formulation for water in range 0 to 100°C. A revision'(PDF). J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 80A (5–6): 775–785. doi:10.6028/jres.080a.071.
*^Wexler, A. (1977). 'Vapor pressure formulation for ice'(PDF). J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 81A (1): 5–20. doi:10.6028/jres.081a.003.
*^Flatau, P.J.; Walko, R.L.; Cotton, W.R. (1992). 'Polynomial fits to saturation vapor pressure'. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 31 (12): 1507–13. Bibcode:1992JApMe..31.1507F. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1507:PFTSVP>2.0.CO;2.Further reading[edit]
*'Thermophysical properties of seawater'. Matlab, EES and Excel VBA library routines. MIT. 20 February 2017.
*Garnett, Pat; Anderton, John D; Garnett, Pamela J (1997). Chemistry Laboratory Manual For Senior Secondary School. Longman. ISBN978-0-582-86764-2.
*Murphy, D.M.; Koop, T. (2005). 'Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications'. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 131 (608): 1539–65. Bibcode:2005QJRMS.131.1539M. doi:10.1256/qj.04.94.
*Speight, James G. (2004). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (16th ed.). McGraw-Hil. ISBN978-0071432207.External links[edit]
*Vömel, Holger (2016). 'Saturation vapor pressure formulations'. Boulder CO: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017.
*'Vapor Pressure Calculator'. National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vapour_pressure_of_water&oldid=895244479'smacna pdf.rar [Full version]
Direct downloadSMACNA HVAC AIR DUCT LEAKAGE TEST MANUAL .pdf
From 4shared.com2.4 MBSMACNA HVAC DUCT CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS.pdf
From 4shared.com6.62 MBSmacna residential duct design pdf
From 4shared.com (5 MB)Smacna hvac duct construction standards pdf
From 4shared.com (9 MB)Smacna Manual Onlinehvac_-_technical_paper_on_duct_leakage_[_www.smacna.org_]_.pdf
From 4sharedhvac_-_technical_paper_on_duct_leakage_[_www.smacna.org_]_.pdf
From 4sharedhvac_-_seismic_restraint_manual_addendum_[_www.smacna.org]_.pdf
From 4sharedSmacna commercial duct design pdf
From 4shared.com (20 MB)Smacna hvac system duct design 2006 draft pdf
From 4shared.com (8 MB)Smacna Manual Pdf Free Download PdfCad standard smacna hvacvn com pdf
From mediafire.com (2 MB)Free Smacna Pdf
Our goal is to provide high-quality video, TV streams, music, software, documents or any other shared files for free!
Registered users can also use our File Leecher to download files directly from all file hosts where it was found on. Just paste the urls you'll find below and we'll download file for you!Smacna Sheet Metal Manual Pdf
If you have any other trouble downloading smacna pdf post it in comments and our support team or a community member will help you!
